Alternate Earth & why a SIBLING of English uses a syllabary



The Basic Idea



The story here plays loose and fast with a historical context, which is why I must stress the idea of this being an alternate earth/history.


Imagine an group of Englishmen around the 12th century (speaking Middle English) who rejected Christianity and attempted to return to a generic Indo-European religion. They began a cult of their sun goddess Estrite (the "Eastern Rite," i.e. a sacred sun, which rises in the east), which shaped how their small religion grew.


Dissatisfied with the culture around them and likely persecuted, this small group set sail to find a new home. However, they get caught in a magical storm which lands them in 1520 off the coast of the New World, right in the middle of the Spanish-Aztec War.



Language Evolution and Writing System



Eventually, this small group of people was able to find refuge with the Spanish, where much of the language evolved in an environment heavily influenced by the Spanish of the time. This includes sound changes that moved the language towards a 5 vowel system, replacement of Norman French words with their Spanish equivalent, and the acquisition of many new loan words and some grammatical features.


Due to widespread English literacy only beginning in the 1500s, the Enksh, as they had come to call themselves, began as mostly illiterate, but soon took on a subset of the Aztec writing system, which they evolved into a syllabary they could use to write things down.



The unimportance of what I just told you



Really, I just wanted to make a language akin to Scots, but with Spanish as an influence as opposed to Gaelic. The story and writing system and everything like that was made after the fact to justify the decisions I had made. I really just wanted to make an interesting language that happened to be very closely related to Modern English. In fact, if I were to make a story that used this language, I probably wouldn't mention its evolution or the alternate history at all, and would just use it as is within a fantasy world.



Pronunciation and Writing



How to Write Enksh



There are several ways to write out the words of Ensh. You can use its writing system, you can use its romanization, or you can use the IPA to represent the pronunciation directly. In this section I'll go through each.


First up, we'll state all the consonant sounds used in the language using an IPA chart.





For the vowels, we essentially have a five vowel system - /a e i o u/, but /i/ goes to /ɪ/ and the rest to /ə/ when unstressed.



Romanization



A romanization is a way of representing a language more-or-less phonetically, using the Latin alphabet (hence romanization), without the need for special characters like those in the IPA and without the need for understanding the writing system of the language. It makes it easy to type and talk about the language, and for that reason, nearly everything is written in the romanization for ease of learning.


The romanization is fairly straightforward, if an IPA symbol can be typed with a standard US keyboard, then that's symbol used for it, so the letters p, b, t, d, k, g, m, n, f, v, s, z, x, h, w, l, and j all represent themselves.


After that, the following substitutions are made:
- sh is used for /ʃ/, zh is used for the very rare /ʒ/

- Naturally, tsh is for /tʃ/ and dzh is for rare /dʒ/

- ng is used for /ŋ/

- r is used for /ɾ/


The other thing to note is that this language uses a contraction whenever a contraction may be used. Any time a word ends with a vowel and the next word begins with a vowel, the first word's vowel is replaced with an apostrophe, and the two words are contracted.


For instance, to say "the earth," you wouldn't say "de ert," you'd say "d'ert"



Writing System



The official writing system of Enksh is a syllabary. Here are the symbols used:





You may notice an issue there's no way to represent consonant clusters or syllables that end in consonants. For these, knowledge of the language and context are combined with repeating the previous vowel sound (or following vowel sound, but only if there is no previous vowel sound).
For example, take the word "alwes" /'al.wəs/. This is actually written down using the symbols for a la we se, and perceived as al(a)wes(e).


As far as punctuation goes, the language more or less follows that of English. Commas are written with two open circles placed like a colon :, periods are essentially a colon, exclamation points are an open circle above a closed circle, and a question mark is a closed circle over an open circle.
It should also be noted that whenever there is a contraction, a dot is placed between the words, but no symbols are dropped.



Grammar



Nouns



Nouns are pretty straightforward. They are marked for plural and unmarked for singular and that's it. There's no cases, not even a genitive. To express possession, one must always form of-structures as in "the cat of Maria," not "Maria's cat."


To make the plural is a bit different than in English. In English, there are three cases for pluraling nouns: s's, the rest of the consonants, and vowels. For consonants and vowels, you simply add an s, but if the word already ends in an s, then you'll add "es." This is not the case in Enksh. In Enksh, for vowels you simply add an s, but all consonants get the "es" ending.


Adjectives are marked to match the number of their noun, but as there aren't classes, and there aren't cases, this means they too are only marked plural or unmarked.



Verbs



Naturally, there are some irregular verbs that must be learned, but for regular verbs there are three types. English has two types, strong and weak, as do many Germanic languages, including Enksh. However, in Enksh there were various sound changes that resulted in the splitting of the weak verbs into Complex Weak verbs, which mark for person, number, and Past/Non-Past, and Simple Weak verbs which mark for person and number, but only mark for Past/Non-Past in certain situations. There's also a few different aspects, a future tense, and a handful of other things, but first, I'll point out the conjugations.


For Complex Weak verbs we have the following:





And for an example of the conjugations, I have the verb "to live" which in Enksh is "to liv"





Another thing to notice is that some verbs may alter their form in order to have matching consonant sounds in the cluster. When making a cluster, the cluster will default to unvoiced.


Moving on. Simple conjugation:





And the example is the verb "to corrupt" - "to koropt"





And the final conjugation to talk about is strong verb conjugation.


Now, this poses a problem. Strong verbs are, essentially, irregular. They're not that irregular, but they are irregular. A strong verb will have a present form and a past form where the vowel changes. Take the verb "mage" which means "to be able to" (cognate with our "may"). It's past form is "mege." That said, there are a set of endings for strong verbs which are regular:





So yeah, that's the conjugations. There's a few more things to note:

- By using the verb for "to have" and a verb in the gerund form, you get the perfect aspect

- By using the verb for "to be" and a verb in the gerund form, you get the progressive aspect

- By using the prefix "je-" and a present tense ending, you get the future tense

- By using the prefix "je-" and a past tense ending, you get the future perfect

- By using the prefix "je-" and a past subjuntive ending, you get the equivalent of "would"


And then I guess I should note that adverbs are either their own word or they're adjectives with the suffix "-like" attached.



Simple Examples



Now, I would've put vocab first, but since it's so large, it just needs to be at the end. Instead, I'm putting all these examples first, even though there's been no mention of actual words yet :)


I'm gonna list the smallest examples first and then a few longer ones



Basic Sentences



So now let's get some basic sentences!





In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth. Now the earth was formless and empty, darkness was over the surface of the deep, and the Spirit of God was hovering over the waters.

I de ge, Dios krearte de prisos i d’ert. No d’ert was tut shap'empti, derkse was or de fas'of de dep, i D’espirt'of Dios was horeng'or de watshes.

/i de ge, ˈdi.əs kɾə.ˈaɾ.tə de ˈpɾi.səs i deɾt. no deɾt was tut ˈʃa.p ˈemp.ti, ˈdeɾk.sə was oɾ de ˈfas.of de dep, i də.ˈspiɾ.tof ˈdi.əs was ˈhoɾ.əŋ.oɾ de ˈwatʃ.əs/

in the beginning God create-3SG.PST the heaven-PL and the-earth now the-earth was without shape-and-empty darkness was over the face of the deep and the-spirit of God be.3SG.PST hover-GER over the water-PL





Embarrassingly, my letters come out funny

Strerlike, de letras of ex k’ut stranges

/ˈstɾeɾ.lɪ.kə de ˈle.tɾəs of ex kut ˈstraŋ.ə/

embarrass.INF-ADV the letter-PL of I come-3PL.PRS-out strange-PL





Here is the girl who started drawing a lion.

Here bed de mad ho gede dr'eng'a lo.

/'heɾ.ə bed de mad ho 'ge.də 'dreŋ.a lo/

here be.3SG.PRS the girl who begin-3SG.PST draw.PRS-GER-a lion





The trader and his wife are killing themselves, constantly smoking cigarettes.

De trader i de wif of he bed tekelenge por konstantelike smokenge skarejos.

/de 'tɾa.dɚ i de wif of he bed tə.'kel.əŋ.ə poɾ cən.'stan.tə.lɪ.kə 'smok.əŋ.ə skə.'ɾe.jəs/

the trader and the wife of he be.3SG.PST them-kill-GER by constant-ADV smoke-GER cigarette-PL





Ahh, this is always breaking on me.

Ax, tes bed alwes brekeng'ex.

/ax 'tes bed 'al.wəs 'bɾek.əŋ.əx/

ah this be.3SG.PRS always break-GER-on-I





"I'm Billy, and this is Ryan. Where are we?" - Infinity Train

“Ex a Bili, i tes bed Rai. We be wer?” - Enito Lokomotora

/ex a 'bi.lɪ 'tes bed 'ɾaʔ.ɪ we be weɾ ə.'ni.tə lə.kə.mə.'to.ɾə/

I be.1SG.PRS Billy and this be.3SG.PRS Ryan. we be.1PL.PRS where infinity train





I bought chocolate for my mouse, but she turned out hating it.

Ex boge tshokolate for de mus of ex, bot de soltado was ke she hehate.

/ex 'bo.gə tʃə.kə.'la.tə for the mus of ex bot de səl.'ta.də was ke ʃe hə.'ha.tə/

I buy-1SG chocolate for the mouse of I but the result be-3SG.PST that she it-hate-3SG.PST





I gazed into her eyes and saw them twinkle.

Ex gas'i d'es of sh'i tesede twenkenge.

/ex 'ga.si des of ʃi tə.'se.də 'twenk.əŋ.ə/

I gaze-1SG-into the.eye-PL of she-and itself-see-1SG.PST twinkle-GER





Perfection is achieved, not when there is nothing more to add, but when there is nothing left to take away.

Fektoje not bed logarenge wa der bed not a kosa to ad, bot wa der bed not a kosa to tak awe.

/fək.'to.jə not bed lə.'ga.ɾəŋ.ə wa deɾ bed not a 'ko.sə to ad, bot wa deɾ bed not a 'ko.sə to tak ə.'we/

perfect-NMLZ not be.3SG.PRS achieve-GER when there be.3SG.PRS not a thing to add but whe there be.3SG.PRS not a thing to take away





As he was so weak, when he was dragging the metal, he fell into the river.

As he was vere wek, wa he was dragenge de tal, he falde i de rever.

/as he was 've.ɾə wek wa he was 'dɾa.gəŋ.ə de tal he 'fal.də i de 'ɾe.və/

as he be.3SG.PST very weak when he be.3SG.PST drag-GET the metal he fell-3SG.PST in the rive





Only a cow can call a cow a cow, you cow.

Olik’a ku mages to kal a ku a ku, do ku.

/'o.lɪ.ka ku 'ma.gəs to kal a ku a ku do ku/

one-ADV-a cow may.PRS-3SG to call a cow a cow you cow





I used to be able to swim, but now I can't.

Ex was magenge to swe, bot no ex not mege.

/ex was 'ma.gəŋ.ə to swe bot no ex not 'me.gə/

I be.1SG.PST may-GER to swim but now I not may.PRS-1SG





In those days, if you didn’t work, you would starve.

I tares dones, ef do not werkts, tons jesterfte.

/i 'ta.ɾəs 'do.nəs ef do not weɾkts tons jə.steɾf.tə/

in that-PL day-PL if you not work-2SG.PST then FUT-starve-SG.SBJV.PST





Sometimes at night, as Mr. Grinling lay sleeping in his warm bed, the ships would toot to tell him that his light was shining brightly and clearly out to sea.

Sometempos i next, as Mest (Mt?) Grinli lede slepeng'i de warm bed of he, de shepes jetute to se to he ke de lext of he was twenkenge brextlik'i klerlik'ut to se.

/sə.mə.'tem.pi next as mest gɾin.lɪ 'le.də 'slep.əŋ.i de waɾm bed of he de ʃe.pəs jə.'tu.tə to se to he ke de lext of he was 'twenk.əŋ.ə 'bɾext.lɪ.ki 'kleɾ.lɪ.kut to se/

Sometime-PL in night as Mister Grinling lay-3SG.PST sleep-GER-in the warm bed of he the shape-PL FUT-toot-SG.SBJV.PST to say to he that the light of he be.3SG.PST twinkle-GER bright-ADV-and clear-ADV-out to sea.





I am interested in your opinion.

Ex a grepenge por de v’of do.

/ex a 'gɾe.pəŋ.e poɾ de vof do/

I be.1SG.PRS grip-GER* by the view-of you

* Past and present particples and gerunds have merged in Enksh





I am afraid, they might expose us to the fire.

Ex hav'a fer ke de meg'e to w'ekspo to de fir.

/ex 'ha.va feɾ ke de 'me.gə to 'wek.spə to de fiɾ/

I have.1SG.PRS-a fear that they may.PST-PL



I'm Not Okay Cover in Enksh





There are some mistakes made in the text and singing of the video unfortunately, but the following is what it should be.





Well, if you wanted honesty

That's all you had to say

I never want to let you down

Or have you go, it's better off this way

For all the dirty looks

The photographs your boyfriend took

Remember when you broke your foot

From jumping out the second floor?

I'm not okay

I'm not okay

I'm not okay

You wear me out


Ef do wants kandor

Ta’r’al ke hade to s'e

Ex nev wante to dolet du

Or to hav do gost, bed more godlike tes we

For al de fules lokes

De lostos ke nove’of do tokde

Kordarest wa do brekde fot

Fro jompeng'ut de sgundo flor

Ex a not alrext

Ex a not alrext

Ex a not alrext

Do mewerst ut


ef do wants 'kan.dɚ

'ta.ɾəl ke 'ha.də to 'se

ex nev 'wan.tə to 'do.lət du

or to hav do gost bed 'mo.ɾə 'god.lɪ.kə tes we

foɾ al de ‘fu.ləs 'lo.kəs

de los.təs ke nə.'veʔ.əf do 'tok.də

kɚ.'da.ɾəst wa do 'bɾek.də fot

fro 'jomp.əŋ.ut de sgun.də floɾ

ex a not əl.'ɾext

ex a not əl.'ɾext

ex a not əl.'ɾext

do mə.'weɾst ut


if you want-2PS honesty

that-be.3SG.SBJV-all that had-SG.SJV to say

I never want-1SG to you-let down

or to have you go-2SG.PRS, be-3SG.PRS more good-like this we

for all the foul-PL look-PL

the photograph-PL that boyfriend of you take-3SG.PST

remember-2SG.PRS when you break-2SG.PST foot

from jump-GER out the second flor

I be-1SG.PRS not alright

I be-1SG.PRS not alright

I be-1SG.PRS not alright

you I-wear-2SG.PRS out



The Lord's Prayer



Note that the original Greek was used to translate the Enksh as I thought it would give slightly different results to basing it on an English translation, but the ESV of the bible was used for the English as that's what I like to use for scripture. It really didn't end up being all that different.





Our Father in heaven,

Hallowed be your name.

Your kingdom come,

Your will be done,

On earth as it is in heaven.

Give us this day our daily bread,

And forgive us our debts,

As we also have forgiven our debtors.

And lead us not into temptation,

But deliver us from evil.


De Fadre of w'i priso,

Holi hebed de n'of Do.

Hekot de rek'of D'i

H’etaklift de wel'of Do

‘ert as bed i priso.

Wejefst i tes done de mantrenge bred of we,

I weforjefst of de dodes of we

As we haft forjeveng'otres ke haft dodes to we

I not w’eleds i tashon,

Bot wefortakst fr’evle


/de 'fad.ɾə of wi 'pɾi.sə

'ho.lɪ hə.'bed de nof do

hə.'kot de 'ɾe.kof di

hə.'tak.lɪft de 'we.lof do

eɾt as bed i 'pɾi.sə

wə.'jefst i tes 'do.nə de 'man.tɾəŋ.ə bɾed of we

i wə.fɚ.'jefst of de 'do.dəs of we

as we haft fɚ.'jev.əŋ 'o.tɾəs ke haft 'do.dəs to we

i not wə.'leds i tə.'ʃon

bot wə.fɚ.'takst 'fɾev.lə/


the father of we-in heaven

holi it-be.3SG.PRS the name-of You

it-come-3SG.PRS the kingdom-of You-and

it-(take life)-3SG.PRS the will-of You

on-earth as be.3SG.PRS in heaven

us-give-2SG.PRS of the debt-PL of we

as we have.1PL.PRS forgive-GER-other-PL that have.3PL.PRS debt-PL to we

and not us-lead-2SG.PRS in temptation

bot us-fortake-2SG from-evil



Wellerman Lyrics





There once was a ship that put to sea

And the name of that ship was the Billy o' Tea

The winds blew hard, her bow dipped down

Blow, me bully boys, blow (Huh!)

Soon may the Wellerman come

To bring us sugar and tea and rum

One day, when the tonguin' is done

We'll take our leave and go


Der was a shep ke hepote to se

I de n’of tare shep was de Bil’of Tsha

De windes bl’e strongelike, de b’of she bexs

Blue brotes d’ex blue! Xa!

Sone hemag’e de Welershep to ko

To breng to w’asuk i tsh’i stro

O done, wa de polsenge bed komple

We jetake de lev’of w’i go


/deɾ was a ʃep ke hə.'po.tə to se

i de nof 'ta.ɾə ʃep was de 'bi.lof tʃa

de 'win.dəs ‘ble 'stɾo.ŋə.lɪ.kə de bof ʃe bexs

'blu.ə 'bɾo.təs dex 'blu.ə xa

'so.nə hə.'ma.gə de 'we.lɚ.ʃəp to ko

to bɾeŋ to wə.'suk i tʃi stɾo

o 'do.nə wa de 'pol.səŋ.ə bed 'kom.plə

we jə.'tak.ə de 'lev.of wi go/


there be.3SG.PST a ship that itself-put.3SG-PST to sea

and the name-of that ship be.3SG.PST the Billy-of Tea

the wind-PL blow.PST.3PL strong-ADV the bow-of she (to go down).PST-3SG

blow.PRS-3SG brother-PL of-I blow.PRS-3SG ha!

Soon itself-may.PRS-3SG the Weller-ship to come

to bring to we-sugar and tea-and rum

One day when the expulse-GER be.3SG.PRS complete

we FUT-take-PL.PRS the leave-of we-and go.1PL.PRS



(work in progress)



Origin Myth



This origin story establishes the Enksh religion including their belief about the universe and their pantheon of gods and goddesses.

There may be more myths in the future, but this particular one is about the creation of the earth, the main gods and goddesses, and the three sentient races inhabiting the earth.

It is written in iambic hexameter with rhymes in order to be memorized and passed down orally.


This is a huge undertaking to do, so while I have the whole story planned out, I have yet to write the poetic version of it, translate it, and create the written form.





The first of days was the guts of the Allcow

A bull as well, it impregnated itself and birthed the Eastern Rite and Tju

They grew and had a child that they named Mo

Was bright like the Eastern Rite, her mother, it goes

The daughter was independent and dashed away from her mother

The mother chased the daughter each day through each night

And so the moon will lead sun through the sky

Although they can be seen in the sky of the dusk

Now with the daughter of Estrite out of the lives of her and Tju

The two of them created two more spawn, the twins

The Horse and Child, truest of brothers around

So full of play the two asked their mother for room

To care for them she made the whole of the earth in the outside

There was a cost to this choice, an ultimate death

To maintain life from Allcow, the husband, Tju, he went

To breath his life to Allcow to save the earth


De ferm’of dones was de gotes of D’Alku

A bol’aso h’empnard’i bert’Estrit’i Tju

De gr’i de had’a tsheko ke henade Mo

Was brexte lik’Estrite, mod of she, he got

De duxt was dent’i dashd’awe de mod of she

De mod kasart de duxt etsh done torx etsh next

I so de mo j’eled de sone torx de ski

Altux de mag’e watsheng’i de sk’of d’oskri

No wet duxt of Estrit’ut lifes of sh’i Tju

De two of de kreart twos mores spas, de tus

De Hors i Tsheko, mostes sutes brotes rund

So fol of ple de tw’askte de mod of de for ru

To kar for de she meks de hol of d’ert i d’ut

Der was a dode to tes elks,’a fenal mut

To mantre lif fr’Alku, d’esposo, Tju, he jet

To bret de lif of he t’Alku to salvar d’ert


/de 'feɾ.mof 'do.nəs was de 'go.təs of dəl.'ku

a 'bol ə.'so həmp.'naɾ.di 'beɾ.tə 'stɾi.ti tju

de gɾi de 'ha.də 'tʃe.kə ke hə.'na.də mo

was bɾex.tə 'li.kə 'stɾi.tə mod of ʃe he got

de duxt was 'den.ti daʃ də.'we de mod of ʃe

de mod kə.'saɾt de duxt etʃ 'do.nə toɾx etʃ next

i so de mo jə.'led de 'so.nə torx de ski

əl.'tux de 'ma.gə 'wa.tʃəŋ i de skof də.'skɾi

no wet duxt of ə.'stɾi.tut 'lif.əs of ʃi tju

de two of de kɾə.'aɾt twos 'moɾ.əs spas de tus

de hoɾs i 'tʃe.kə 'mos.təs 'su.təs 'bɾo.təs ɾund

so fol of ple de 'twas.ktə de mod of de foɾ ɾu

to kaɾ foɾ de ʃe meks de hol of deɾt i dut

deɾ was a 'do.də to tes 'elks.a 'fe.nəl mut

to 'man.tɾə lif fɾəl.'ku də.'spo.sə tju he jet

to bɾet de lif of he təl.'ku to 'sal.vɚ deɾt/


the first-of day.PL be.3SG.PST the gut-PL of the-Allcow

a bull-aswell itself-impregnate-3SG.PST-and birth-3SG.PST-Estrite-and Tju

they grow.PST-PL-and they have.3PL.PST-a child that itself-name-3PL.PST Mo

be.3SG.PST bright like-Estrite mother of she it go.3SG.PRS

the daughter be.3SG.PST independent-and dash-3SG.PST-away the mother of she

the mother chase-3SG.PST the daughter each day through each night

and so the moon FUT-lead-3SG.PRS the sun through the sky

although they may.PRS-PL watch-GER-in the sky-of the-dusk

now with daughter of Estrite-outside life-PL of her-and Tju

the two of them create-3PL.PST two-PL more-PL spawn-PL the twin-PL

The Hors and Child most-PL true-PL brother-PL around

so full of play the two-ask-3PL.PST the mother of them for room

to care for them she make.PST-PL the whole of the-earth and the-outside

there be.3SG.PST a debt to this choice-a final death

to maintain life from-Allcow the-husband Tju he go.3SG.PST

to breathe the life of he to-Allcow to save the-earth



Dictionary



Nouns, Adjectives, Adverbs, and More



all - al

again - aje

although - altux

also - aso

always - alwe

and - i

around - rund

as - as

-ate - -at

away - awe

back - berk

bed - bed

beginning - ge

being - bee

bow (ship) - bo

boyfriend - noveo

bread - bred

bright - bexte

brother - brot

bull - bole

but - bot

by - por

child - tsheko

chocolate - tshokolate

choice - elkso

cigarette - skarejo

clear - kler

complete - kompla

constant - konstante

corrupt - koropt

cow - ku

daughter - duxt

day - done

darkness - derkse

death - mut

debt - dode

deep - dep

dirty (foul) - ful

down - du

dusk - oskri

each - etsh

east - est

earth - ert

embarrassing - strer

empty - empti

English - English

Enksh - Enksh

evil - evle

eye - e

face - fase

father - fadre

fear - fer

few - fo

final - fenal

fire - fir

first - ferme

floor - flor

foot - fot

for - for

forefather - forf

Friday - Donofra

from - fro

full - fol

God - Dios

good - god

girl - mad

gut - gote

he - he

heaven - priso

here - here

holy - holi

honesty - kandor

horse - hors

husband - esposo

I - ex

if - ef

in - i

independent - dente

infinity - enito

-ion - -e

-ization - -esate

-ize - -es

kingdom - reke

land - lond

leave - leve

letter - letra

life - lif

like - like

light - lext

look - lok

-ly - -like

lion - lo

man - ma

metal - tal

Monday - Donofmo

moon - mo

more - more

most - most

mother - mod

mouse - mus

name - na

never - nev

night - next

now - no

not - not

of - of

-ology - olgi

on - i

once - ens

one - o

only - olike

or - or

other - otre

out - ut

over - or

passive - pas

perfect - fekto

perfection - fektoje

passivization - pasesate

photograph - losto

play - ple

playful - plefol

result - soltado

right - rext

rite - rite

river - rever

room - ru

rum - stro

Saturday - Donofalku

sea - se

second - sgundo

shape - shape

she - she

ship - shep

sky - ski

snail - snal

so - so

some - some

sometime - sometempo

soon - sone

spawn - spa

spirit - espirto

strange - strange

strong - stonge

sugar - asuk

sun - sone

Sunday - Donofstrete

tea - tsha

temptation - tashon

that (grammatical) - ke

that (non-gram.) - tare

the - de

then - tons

these - teses

there - der

they - de

thing - kosa

this - tes

those - tares

though - tux

through - torx

Thursday - Donoftor

time - tempo

to - to

together - ged

trader - trader

train - locomotora

true - sut

Tuesday - Donoftju

twin - tu

two - two

type - tepe

typology - tepolgi

up - op

very - vere

warm - warm

water - watsh

way - we

we - we

weak - wek

Wednesday - Donofma

Wellerman - Supplyship of Weller Bros. - Welershep

when - wa

where - wer

who - ho

whole - hol

wife - wif

will - wele

wind - wind

with - wet

without - tut

y'all - jo

you - do



Regular Verbs



achieve - logar (complex)

add - ad (simple)

arrange - are (complex)

ask - ask (complex)

be able to - mage (strong - mage, mege)

become alive - etaklif (complex)

begin - ge (complex)

birth - bert (simple)

blow - blu (strong - blu, ble)

break - brek (complex)

breathe - bret (simple)

bring - breng (strong - breng, brot)

buy - bog (simple)

call - kal (complex)

care - kar (complex)

chase - kasar (complex)

come - ko (complex)

corrupt - koropt (simple)

create - kreart (simple)

dash - dash (complex)

drag - drag (simple)

draw - dra (strong - dra, dru)

expulse - pols (simple)

expose - ekspo (complex)

fall - fal (complex)

forgive - forjev (complex)

form - for (complex)

gaze - gas (simple)

give - jev (complex)

go down - bax (strong - bax, bex)

grow - gru (strong - gru, gre)

hate - hat (simple)

hover - hor (complex)

impregnate - empnar (complex)

jump - jomp (simple)

kill - kel (complex)

lay - le (complex)

lead - eled (simple)

let - let (simple)

live - liv (complex)

maintain - mantre (complex)

make - mak (strong - mak, mek)

meet - met (simple)

name - na (complex)

put - pot (simple)

raise - res (complex)

remember - cordare (complex)

save - salvar (complex)

say - se (complex)

see - se (complex)

sleep - slep (complex)

smoke - smok (simple)

starve - sterv (complex)

swim - swe (strong - swe, swa)

take - tak (complex)

take control - etak (complex)

take from - fortak (complex)

trade - trade (complex)

toot - tut (simple)

twinkle - twenk (complex)

want - want (simple)

watch - watsh (simple)

wear - wer (complex)

work - werk (complex)



Irregular Verbs



Note that some of these may be incomplete as I create the irregular forms as I go


to go - to go

you go - do gost

we go - we go

it goes - he got

it went - he jet


to have - to hav

I have - ex have

it has - he hat

you had - do hast

had (subjuntive) - hade

we have - we haft

they have - de haft

they had - de hade


to be - to be

it is - he bed

it was - he was

they are - de bed

it is (subjuntive) - he re

I am - ex a

I was - ex was

we are - we be



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Language created by Dylan Turner

If you have questions, feel free to reach out to me at dylantdmt@gmail.com